The sudden interruption of emulsion gourd (referred to as "化瓜" in agricultural contexts, where young gourds stop expanding, turn yellow, and wither) can be attributed to multiple factors, primarily revolving around environmental conditions, physiological imbalances, and pathological issues. Here is a detailed analysis:

1. Environmental Factors

Temperature Extremes:

High Temperatures: Daytime temperatures exceeding 35°C or nighttime temperatures consistently above 20°C can disrupt photosynthesis and respiration, leading to excessive energy consumption and insufficient nutrient accumulation for fruit development.

Low Temperatures: Soil temperatures below 12°C impair root function, reducing water and nutrient uptake, which can cause nutritional deficiencies in developing fruits.

Large Temperature Fluctuations: A diurnal temperature difference exceeding 14°C (e.g., 32°C/18°C) can induce metabolic disorders, disrupting normal growth processes.

Light Deficiency:

Insufficient sunlight (e.g., due to overcast weather, shading, or high plant density) reduces photosynthetic efficiency, limiting the production of carbohydrates needed for fruit expansion.

2. Physiological Imbalances

Nutrient Competition:

Excessive Nitrogen: Over-fertilization with nitrogen, combined with high nighttime temperatures, can trigger excessive vegetative growth (e.g., stem and leaf elongation), diverting nutrients away from fruit development.

Overcrowding: If a single plant bears more than three fruits simultaneously, or if root fruits are not harvested promptly, younger fruits may suffer from nutrient deprivation.

Gas Concentration Issues:

Low CO₂ Levels: Carbon dioxide concentrations below 300 ppm can restrict photosynthesis.

High Ammonia Levels: Ammonia concentrations exceeding 8 ppm can cause metabolic dysfunction, impairing fruit growth.

3. Pathological Causes

Diseases:

Fungal Infections: Diseases like downy mildew and gray mold can damage leaves, reducing photosynthetic capacity and nutrient supply to fruits.

Viral Infections: Aphids and other pests can transmit viruses, indirectly causing fruit abortion.

Pesticide Damage:

Overuse of triazole-based fungicides can inhibit gibberellin synthesis, stunting fruit growth.

Improper mixing of pesticides (e.g., combining Luna Sensation or other fungicides with incompatible agents) can cause phytotoxicity, leading to fruit surface damage (e.g., white rust) and loss of commercial value.

4. Cultural Practices

Improper Ventilation:

Sudden or excessive ventilation in greenhouses can expose delicate young fruits to cold drafts, causing physical stress.

Morning ventilation when fruits are still wet with dew can lead to rapid temperature drops, triggering stress responses.

Watering Issues:

Inconsistent Moisture: Fluctuations in soil moisture (e.g., alternating drought and overwatering) can cause fruit cracking or stunted growth.

Overwatering: Excessive irrigation can lead to root rot or oxygen deprivation, impairing nutrient uptake.

Pollination Failure:

Poor pollination (e.g., due to lack of pollinators or adverse weather) can result in fruit abortion.

5. Genetic and Management Factors

Varietal Susceptibility:

Some gourd varieties are more prone to physiological disorders or environmental stress.

Seed Quality:

Degeneration of traditional varieties due to lack of strict breeding programs or reliance on farmer-saved seeds can reduce vigor and disease resistance.

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