In the use of manual forklifts (manual hydraulic handling vehicles), attention should be paid to the five core aspects of operation standards, safety protection, maintenance, environmental adaptation, and personnel management to avoid equipment damage, personnel injury, and low work efficiency. The following are specific precautions:

1、 Operating standards: Ensure safety and efficiency

load control

Overloading is strictly prohibited: Operate according to the rated load (usually 1-5 tons) indicated on the forklift nameplate. Overloading can cause hydraulic system leakage, frame deformation, or even breakage.

Uniform distribution: The center of gravity of the goods should be aligned with the centerline of the forklift. A deviation of more than 5% will significantly increase axle stress and shorten tire life.

Height limit: During transportation, the height of the fork above the ground should not exceed 20cm to avoid tipping due to a high center of gravity; Moderately lift the front end (about 10cm) during unloaded driving to reduce friction.

Operating posture

Human resource allocation: When pushing the forklift, slightly bend the knees and use leg strength instead of waist strength to prevent muscle strain or lumbar injury.

Handle control: When pressing, the downward angle of the handle should not exceed 45 ° to avoid the failure of the hydraulic cylinder sealing ring due to excessive compression; Direction switching requires fully returning the handle to the correct position to prevent hydraulic system jamming.

scene adaptation

Slope operation: When going downhill, the goods should face forward, and when going uphill, the goods should face backward, and personnel should be arranged to assist in stabilizing from the side; Do not work when the slope exceeds 5 °.

Narrow space: Plan the path in advance to avoid frequent turns that may cause tire wear or frame collisions; The turning radius needs to reserve 30% more space than the width of the forklift.

2、 Safety protection: prevent accident risks

personnel security

No passengers allowed: Forklifts are only used for cargo handling and personnel are strictly prohibited from standing or riding on the forks.

Protective equipment: Operators should wear non slip shoes and reflective vests, and wear cut resistant gloves when working on damp or oily surfaces.

Clear visibility: When transporting large goods, ensure that the operator can directly see the driving path, and arrange for a dedicated person to command if necessary.

Equipment safety

Braking test: Check the brake sensitivity before each use, and the emergency braking distance under no-load condition should not exceed 1 meter.

Anti rollover design: Install foldable protective barriers on both sides of the forklift to prevent goods from slipping and injuring personnel.

Emergency pressure relief: The hydraulic system needs to be equipped with a manual pressure relief valve, which can quickly release pressure and stop operation in case of emergencies.

environmental safety

Fire and explosion prevention: Use explosion-proof forklifts in paint warehouses, chemical warehouses, and other places, equipped with electrostatic grounding devices.

Anti slip measures: When working on rainy or oily ground, install anti-skid chains or use anti-skid tires on the forklift wheels.

3、 Maintenance and upkeep: Extend equipment lifespan

routine inspection

Hydraulic system: Check the oil level (between the upper and lower limits of the oil gauge) and ensure that there are no leaks in the oil pipes. If the oil is cloudy or has bubbles, replace it immediately (ISO VG46 hydraulic oil is recommended).

Tire and wheel hub: Confirm that the tire pressure meets the standard (usually 0.6-0.8MPa), check the tightening of the wheel hub bolts to prevent looseness and wheel axle fracture.

Structural components: Check for cracks or deformations in the fork and frame, with a focus on checking if the welds (such as the connection between the robotic arm and the vehicle body) are secure.

regular maintenance

Weekly maintenance: Clean the surface oil stains of the equipment, lubricate the moving parts such as chains and pulleys (using lithium based grease).

Monthly maintenance: check the sealing of the hydraulic cylinder and replace the aging sealing ring; Check the sensitivity of the braking system and adjust the brake pad clearance to 0.5-1mm.

Annual overhaul: Disassemble and inspect key components such as the frame and fork, conduct stress testing, and replace high-strength steel components if necessary (if the fork thickness is less than 16mm, it needs to be replaced).

Corrosion protection

Coating protection: Spray anti rust paint (such as epoxy zinc rich primer+polyurethane topcoat) on the metal surface, with a focus on protecting corrosive parts such as the frame and fork.

Salt spray treatment: After use in ships or coastal environments, rinse the equipment with fresh water and apply rust proof oil (such as WD-40).

4、 Environmental adaptation: Matching homework scenarios

temperature control

Low temperature environment: When used in an environment below -10 ℃, switch to low-temperature hydraulic oil (such as HV46) to prevent oil solidification and hydraulic system failure.

High temperature environment: Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight. If necessary, install a cooling fan for the hydraulic system to prevent the oil temperature from exceeding 80 ℃.

space constraints

Low cargo hold: Use ultra low forklifts (with a minimum fork height of ≤ 80mm) to adapt to operations inside containers or cargo holds.

Narrow channel: Choose a forklift with a small turning radius (such as a three wheel structure), or install a steering assist device to enhance flexibility.

Ground conditions

Uneven ground: Install shock-absorbing springs or use pneumatic tires to reduce the impact of vibration on the goods.

Soft ground: When working in muddy or sandy areas, lay steel plates or wooden boards under the forklift wheels to increase load-bearing capacity.

5、 Personnel management: Improve operational skills

Training and Assessment

Theoretical training: Explain equipment structure, hydraulic principles, safety regulations, and accident cases (such as typical cases of frame fracture caused by overload).

Practical training: Practice high difficulty operations such as slope handling and narrow channel turning in simulated scenarios, and issue operation permits after passing the assessment.

Regular refresher training: Organize a refresher training every six months to update safety knowledge and strengthen operational skills.

health management

Shift system: Continuous operation should not exceed 2 hours to avoid operational errors caused by fatigue.

Physical fitness test: Conduct physical fitness tests such as waist strength and reaction speed for operators, and those who fail will be transferred from their positions.

Supervision and Feedback

On site inspection: Assign a dedicated person to supervise the operation process and promptly correct any violations (such as overloading, emergency stop, etc.).

Accident analysis: Establish an accident ledger, conduct root cause analysis for each equipment damage or personnel injury incident, and develop improvement measures.

The main equipment produced by Hebei Makita: stage electric hoist, electric chian hoist, wire rope electric hoist，Hand chain hoist, lever hoist, pneumatic hoist and other lifting equipment