The motor power of an electric forklift is intricately related to multiple factors, which can be categorized into design parameters, operational requirements, and environmental conditions as follows:

1. Design Parameters of the Forklift

Load Capacity:

The motor power must align with the forklift's rated load capacity. For example, a 2-ton electric forklift typically requires a motor power range of 5–10 kW, while heavier-duty models (e.g., 3-ton) may need 12 kW or higher.

Formula Reference: Motor power can be calculated using P=

3600η

f⋅G⋅g⋅v

max

, where f is the rolling resistance coefficient, G is the total mass (load + forklift), v

max

is the maximum speed, and η is the transmission efficiency.

Motor Type and Efficiency:

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are commonly used for their high efficiency and power density. Higher efficiency means more output power for the same input energy, reducing energy waste.

Battery Specifications:

Voltage: Higher voltage (e.g., 48V, 80V) allows for greater power output without excessive current draw.

Capacity: Larger battery capacity (e.g., 630Ah) supports sustained high-power operation and extends runtime.

Discharge Rate: Batteries must deliver sufficient current to meet peak power demands during acceleration or climbing.

2. Operational Requirements

Speed and Acceleration:

Higher motor power enables faster acceleration and higher top speeds, which are critical for efficiency in large warehouses or logistics centers. For instance, a forklift designed for 15–20 km/h speeds requires more power than one limited to 10 km/h.

Gradeability (Climbing Ability):

The motor must provide additional torque to overcome gravity on inclined surfaces. For example, climbing a 10% grade with a full load may require 20–30% more power than flat-ground operation.

Duty Cycle:

Continuous operation (e.g., in 24/7 logistics hubs) demands a motor with better thermal management and durability compared to intermittent use in small warehouses.

3. Environmental Conditions

Temperature:

Extreme temperatures affect motor and battery performance. In cold environments, battery capacity drops, requiring a more powerful motor to compensate. Conversely, high temperatures may trigger thermal throttling, reducing power output.

Terrain:

Rough or uneven surfaces increase rolling resistance, necessitating higher torque and power. For example, operating on gravel or ramps may require 15–25% more power than on smooth concrete.

Altitude:

At high altitudes, thinner air reduces cooling efficiency, potentially requiring a motor with better heat dissipation or derating (reducing power output to prevent overheating).

Practical Example

A 2.5-ton electric forklift with the following specs illustrates these relationships:

Drive Motor Power: 8.0 kW (sufficient for moderate speeds and moderate inclines).

Lift Motor Power: 15.0 kW (higher power for rapid lifting of heavy loads).

Battery: 48V/630Ah (supports sustained operation and high-power demands).

This configuration balances power, efficiency, and runtime for typical warehouse tasks.

Summary Table

Factor Impact on Motor Power

Load Capacity Higher load → Higher power required (e.g., 5–10 kW for 2-ton forklifts).

Speed/Acceleration Faster speeds → Higher power for dynamic performance.

Gradeability Steeper inclines → Higher torque and power for climbing.

Battery Voltage/Capacity Higher voltage/capacity → More power available without overheating.

Temperature/Terrain Harsh conditions → Higher power to compensate for resistance/cooling loss.

In essence, the motor power of an electric forklift is a carefully engineered balance of load capacity, operational demands, and environmental adaptability, ensuring optimal performance, efficiency, and reliability.

The main equipment produced by Hebei Makita: stage electric hoist, electric chian hoist, wire rope electric hoist，Hand chain hoist, lever hoist, pneumatic hoist and other lifting equipment