Maintenance and inspection methods for manual forklifts and ground oxen

1、 Key points of daily maintenance

Cleaning and visual inspection

Cleaning the car body: After each use, wipe the car body with a dry cloth to remove dust, oil stains, and debris, to prevent paint peeling and rusting of the internal steel forks.

Check for structural damage: Observe key parts such as the frame, fork, and door frame for collision deformation, cracks, or paint peeling, and promptly repair any hidden dangers.

Hydraulic system maintenance

Oil level check: Check the hydraulic oil level monthly to ensure that the oil level is around 5mm from the edge of the oil injection port or covers the oil pump suction port. Insufficient oil level can lead to insufficient pressure, preventing normal lifting and lowering.

Oil replacement: Use ISO VG32 or AW32 grade anti-wear hydraulic oil, avoid using engine oil or other oil substitutes. Regularly replace contaminated or emulsified hydraulic oil.

Exhaust operation: If air enters the hydraulic system (such as after a rollover), place the lowering handle in the "lowering" position, quickly pump the handle 10-20 times, exhaust the air, and resume operation.

Lubrication and maintenance

Lubrication of key parts: Add lubricating oil to moving parts such as bearings, shafts, chains, and steering knuckles every month to reduce wear and extend service life.

Chain inspection: Ensure that the chain is not broken, loose, or stuck, and adjust the tension if necessary.

Tire and wheelset maintenance

Tire inspection: Check the wear condition of the tire, the depth of the tread pattern should meet the standard, and there should be no bulges, cracks, or severe wear. Maintain normal air pressure (which can be measured by a pressure gauge).

Wheel flexibility: Rotate the wheels and check if they are flexible without any jamming, ensuring smooth movement.

2、 Regular inspection items

Hydraulic system leakage inspection

Pipeline and fittings: Check whether there are oil stains seeping out from the hydraulic pipeline, fittings, and bottom of the oil cylinder. If leaks are found, tighten the fittings or replace the seals.

Seal aging: If the fork cannot be raised or descends on its own, it may be due to the aging of the sealing ring causing internal leakage. Check the sealing rings of the oil cylinder, control valve and other parts, and replace them in a timely manner.

Inspection of forks and load-bearing components

Fork status: Check whether the fork is deformed, cracked, or excessively worn to ensure that its load-bearing capacity meets the standards.

Unbalanced load test: When loading goods, ensure that the weight is evenly distributed to avoid overloading causing fork slippage or structural damage.

Control system and braking function

Handle operation: Test whether the lifting, lowering, forward tilting, backward tilting and other actions of the handle are smooth, without any jamming or abnormal shaking.

Braking performance: Press the brake pedal to check if the travel is normal and if the vehicle can brake smoothly. Check the brake fluid level to ensure it is within the normal range.

Safety device inspection

Speed limiting valve: Test the function of the oil inlet speed limiting valve to ensure that the speed of the fork can be controlled when it descends, avoiding the cargo from falling.

Pressure relief valve: If the fork cannot be lowered, it may be due to improper adjustment of the pressure relief valve or displacement of the piston rod, and the valve needs to be adjusted or parts need to be replaced.

3、 Pre operation safety inspection process

Appearance and structural inspection

Confirm that there is no collision deformation or damage to the vehicle body, and that key parts (such as the frame and door frame) are structurally intact.

Check that the fork is not deformed or cracked, and the chain is intact and not broken.

Hydraulic system testing

Operate the handle and test whether the fork lifting is smooth, without leakage or abnormal noise.

Check the hydraulic oil level to ensure it is within the normal range.

Wheel set and mobility inspection

Rotate the wheels and confirm that they are flexible and not stuck, and that the tire pressure is normal.

Test the braking function to ensure reliable braking.

no-load test

Perform no-load lifting and movement tests to confirm that all actions are normal before proceeding with loading operations.

4、 Common faults and maintenance methods

Forks cannot be raised

Reason: Insufficient hydraulic oil, air entering the system, aging seals, and blocked multi way valves.

Solution: Supplement hydraulic oil, exhaust operation, replace seals, clean the overflow hole of the multi way valve.

Fork descends on its own

Reason: Poor sealing of control valve and internal leakage of oil cylinder.

Solution: Check the sealing ring of the control valve and replace worn parts; Disassemble the oil cylinder and replace the seals.

Hydraulic oil leakage

Reason: Pipeline damage, O-ring damage, impurities entering the system.

Solution: Tighten the joints or replace the pipes, O-rings, and clean the system.

Forks cannot descend

Reason: Improper adjustment of pressure relief valve, offset of piston rod, and damage to parts due to unbalanced load.

Solution: Adjust the pressure relief valve, replace the piston rod or cylinder, and replace damaged parts.

The main equipment produced by Hebei Makita: stage electric hoist, electric chian hoist, wire rope electric hoist，Hand chain hoist, lever hoist, pneumatic hoist and other lifting equipment