The internal structure of a hydraulic forklift mainly consists of a power part, an execution part, a control part, and an auxiliary part, which work together to achieve the functions of lifting and transporting goods. The following is a detailed introduction to the internal structure of hydraulic forklifts:

1、 Power section

Hydraulic pump: The hydraulic pump is the power source of the hydraulic forklift, which converts the mechanical energy of the prime mover into the pressure energy of the oil (hydraulic energy). The common types of hydraulic pumps include gear pumps and plunger pumps, among which internal combustion forklifts often use gear pumps, while electric forklifts often use plunger pumps. The hydraulic pump provides continuous power to the entire hydraulic system by continuously absorbing and compressing oil.

2、 Execution section

Hydraulic cylinder: The hydraulic cylinder is the actuator of a hydraulic forklift, which converts the hydraulic pressure input by the hydraulic pump into mechanical energy to drive the working mechanism. In hydraulic forklifts, hydraulic cylinders are typically used to drive the lifting and tilting of the forks. The double acting hydraulic cylinder can push the fork vertically up and down, with a stroke range generally between 1-6 meters.

Hydraulic motor: A hydraulic motor is also a type of actuator that can convert hydraulic energy into rotational motion. In hydraulic forklifts, hydraulic motors are sometimes used to drive the tilting mechanism of the forks, achieving forward and backward tilting of the forks. Swing hydraulic motors are a common type, with a tilt angle range typically between ± 10 °.

3、 Control section

Hydraulic valve: Hydraulic valves are used to control and regulate the pressure, flow rate, and flow direction of oil. Common hydraulic valves include relief valves, throttle valves, and directional valves. The overflow valve serves as a pressure limiting protection, the throttle valve is used to regulate the flow rate, and the directional valve is used to change the direction of oil flow. These valves work together to ensure that the hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic motor can operate in the predetermined sequence and speed.

Multi way valve: In hydraulic forklifts, the multi way valve is an important control component. It integrates the functions of multiple valves, and can easily control the lifting of the gantry, the forward and backward tilting of the fork, and other actions through handle operation.

4、 Auxiliary section

Hydraulic oil tank: The hydraulic oil tank is used to store hydraulic oil and plays a role in dissipating heat and separating impurities. Hydraulic oil needs to be replaced regularly to ensure its stable performance.

Hydraulic piping: Hydraulic piping includes steel pipes and hoses, which are used to connect various hydraulic components and transmit hydraulic oil. The pressure resistance of high-pressure hoses is usually not less than 35MPa to ensure the safe operation of the system.

Filter: Filters are used to filter out impurities in oil and prevent them from entering hydraulic components and causing damage.

Oil cooler: The oil cooler is used to lower the oil temperature and prevent excessive oil temperature from affecting the performance of the system.

Accumulator: Accumulators can absorb pressure fluctuations to ensure stable operation of the system.

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