When operating pneumatic hoists (pneumatic cranes), special attention should be paid to safety risks such as mechanical injury, overload overturning, high-altitude falling, and environmental interaction, and prevention and control measures should be implemented through standardized operation, regular maintenance, and strengthened personnel training. The following analysis is conducted from four dimensions: safety risks, prevention and control measures, accident cases, and management recommendations:

1、 Core security risks

Mechanical injury risk

Exposure of rotating components: If the driving device of the pneumatic hoist, the telescopic mechanism of the boom, and other rotating components are not equipped with protective devices, it is easy for operators to be involved in accidents.

Collision hazard: The lack of isolation measures between the cutting area and the hook activity area may result in collisions between the lifted object and surrounding equipment or personnel.

Case: Due to improper operation at a construction site, the crane arm came into contact with the high-voltage line, causing a short circuit and equipment damage, resulting in worker injuries.

Overloading and overturning hazards

Weight misjudgment: Failure to verify the weight of the suspended object or to handle buried/connected objects can easily lead to overloading.

Unstable support legs: If the support legs are not fully extended or the foundation is soft (such as mud or backfill soil that is not compacted), it may cause overturning.

Case: When a factory was hoisting 15 tons of equipment, the crane tilted due to the sinking of the support legs, causing the equipment to slide and damage the distribution cabinet, resulting in power outages and production interruptions.

High altitude falling crisis

Loose binding: Loose binding of suspended objects or broken lifting arms may cause heavy objects to fall.

Maintenance risk: The maintenance personnel did not fasten their seat belts, which poses a risk of slipping.

Case: In a steel plant accident, the driver was hit and fell while standing in violation of regulations, exposing the lack of safety training and command.

Environmental interaction risk

High voltage line electric shock: Insufficient safety distance between the crane arm and the high voltage line may cause electric shock accidents.

Operation in bad weather: forced operation in strong wind, rainstorm and other weather may lead to loss of control of lifting objects.

Case: A crane in the Gaza Strip collapsed during strong winds, resulting in 2 deaths.

2、 Systematic prevention and control measures

Checklist must be checked before homework

Equipment status: Verify hook anti detachment, wire rope breakage (single strand breakage exceeding 10% needs to be scrapped), and brake sensitivity.

Safety measures: Set up warning areas, isolation zones, clean up environmental obstacles, and stop work when the wind is above level 6.

Trial lifting procedure: Stay 20cm off the ground for 5 minutes to check the anchor force and brake sensitivity.

The Golden Rule of Operation

The "Ten No Lifting" Principle: Refuse to lift objects with unknown weight/overload, unclear signal, loose binding, standing objects, inclined pulling, and adverse weather conditions.

Standing red line: It is prohibited to enter the danger zone below the crane arm, the trajectory of the lifted object, and the angle between the steel wire rope.

Equipment maintenance: Daily inspection of brakes, safety devices, and hook anti release devices; The steel wire rope shall be immediately scrapped if it breaks by 10% or has a diameter reduction of 7%.

Environmental and Personnel Management

Ground requirements: Ensure that the work ground is flat and solid, and soft ground needs to be paved with pads or reinforced.

Personnel qualifications: Strictly implement the system of "certified employment+dedicated personnel command", and operators need to receive professional training.

Emergency plan: Develop detailed accident handling procedures and emergency evacuation routes, and regularly organize evacuation drills.

3、 Typical accident cases and lessons learned

Overloading causes the boom to break

Case: A construction site used a 50 ton crane to lift 60 tons of prefabricated bridge components, but the boom broke, resulting in significant property damage and casualties.

Lesson: Overloading can cause additional stress on structural components such as cranes and tower bodies. Long term overloading can accelerate metal fatigue and shorten equipment life.

Violation of regulations leads to overturning

Case: An operator failed to operate according to regulations, resulting in the overturning of a crane without causing any casualties.

Lesson: Lack of experience or violation of operating procedures by operators are the main causes of accidents.

Insufficient equipment maintenance leads to malfunctions

Case: Due to the aging of the electrical system, the control panel of a crane malfunctioned, causing an interruption in operation.

Lesson: Failure to regularly maintain and inspect equipment can increase the risk of accidents.

4、 Management suggestions and technological innovation

Strengthen equipment maintenance

Regularly inspect the hydraulic system, electrical system, and safety protection devices (such as limiters and torque limiters) to ensure sensitivity and effectiveness.

Conduct visual inspection (cracks, deformation), identification verification (load-bearing limit), and connection testing (loose pins and nuts) on lifting equipment and slings.

Enhance personnel safety awareness

Provide regular safety training for operators, strengthen the "Ten No Lifting" principle and emergency response capabilities.

Through case analysis (such as the Chengdu tower crane accident and the steel plant accident), warn of the serious consequences of illegal operations.

Introducing intelligent monitoring technology

Real time monitoring of parameters such as lifting weight, angle, and wind speed using an intelligent monitoring system, with automatic shutdown and alarm in case of abnormalities.

Deploy collision prevention system, calculate obstacle distance in real-time, and provide warning and alarm functions.

The main equipment produced by Hebei Makita: stage electric hoist, electric chian hoist, wire rope electric hoist，Hand chain hoist, lever hoist, pneumatic hoist and other lifting equipment